Osama s Changes, For The Worst - 1246 Words

Osama’s Changes, for the Worst â€Å"We love death, the U.S. loves life. That is the difference between us two.† Osama bin Laden said this himself. This quote shows the hurt that Osama bin Laden wanted to cause us in the U.S. Whenever you think of people who have changed the world, you normally think of their changes being positive, not in his case. Unlike people such as Martin Luther King, Abraham Lincoln, Rosa Parks, Benjamin Franklin, etc, who have changed the U.S. for the better, he made us worse. Bin Laden made us scared, hurt, and unsure where to go from here. He has done a lot more than some may know. He is an evil man who did many evil things, he took the lives of the helpless, innocent, and clueless. America was not this way before.†¦show more content†¦Many people used to have greetings or goodbyes to friends and family at the boarding gate before boarding or un-boarding the plane, that is no longer allowed. Due to new regulations people have claimed from their travel experience that they have had to leave things behind with security such as, deodorant, shampoo, water, soda, fingernail clippers, etc, says (Hagler) New threats on the U.S. after 9/11, resulted in new procedures that included, requiring travelers to remove shoes and no longer allowing them to bring liquids on board. Also, racial profiling has become worse since the attack. Hagler says, â€Å"The Islam religion became a dirty word after 9/11.† There are anti-Muslim opinions and hate crimes that grew in the U.S. Places such as public events, and television have made it known what they now think of the Muslim Community. In America muslims began to be treated differently. They were watched more carefully, and arrested under suspicion only because of their race. In December 2002, up to 700 muslim men had been arrested. Costs of war website says that â€Å"Not a single one of these individuals were ever publicly charged with terrorism.† President Bush even said in January 2001, 8 months before the devastating attack, about racial profiling, â€Å"it’s wrong, and we will end it in America.† Next, 9/11 changed our morals. Andrea LeBlanc said this about the U.S. after the attacks, â€Å"Have we, as Americans,

The Road Is Not A Risk Free Environment - 1232 Words

Our motor industry is persistently evolving, and it is contributing towards an increasing 0number of people being able to afford personal vehicles. We may purchase a car as a mode of daily transport, or for fun, but by riding a sports bike, we are putting our lives at a much greater risk. Presently there is an absence of certain regulations for motorcyclists, which is a serious and valid safety concern. Chances of injuries and fatalities become extremely high when we get into a collision on a 2-wheeled vehicle; there is nothing besides safety gear to save you from harm when you are jerked out of your seat right into the face of danger. It is and should be your choice to ride a motorcycle, and that mostly all of us can agree on. The problem, however, exists when people are making that choice without having the right knowledge, mindset, utilizing the correct gear, or having proper training. While it is true that the road is not a risk-free environment regardless of the mode of transport, and that we as individuals cannot control the actions of our fellow driver’s, we can at least, with our experience, keep ourselves measurably safer in a car. It is clearly a game of life and death when a small nudge from any other vehicle can easily kill you as a result, and yet many chose to chance these odds for the thrill. The estimated ratio for deaths in a car per mile, opposed to a motorcycle in 2014, was 1:27! And, for an inexperienced motorist, these accidents are far lessShow MoreRelatedThe Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion 818 Words   |  3 PagesThe Ottawa Charter for health promotion is a document developed in 1986 by the W.H.O that aims at enabling, empowering and encouraging people to improve, and increase control over their own health. In relation to road safety, all five action areas are addressed through the introduction and availability of specific services to the public by all levels of government, NGO’s, the community and individuals. Developing Personal Skills Improving an individual’s knowledge and skills will result in themRead MoreBangalore Airport Road : Assessment Tasks1430 Words   |  6 Pages BBAC602 Business Cooperate Finance Bangalore Airport Road Assessment tasks: Questions: 1. In the context of this project discuss the difference between: †¢ The â€Å"Funding† mechanism of this project †¢ The â€Å"Financing† mechanism of this project (5 Marks) †¢ Develop a detailed NPV model in excel showing CashRead MoreWhy Drivers Should Not Be Mandatory1635 Words   |  7 Pageslicense and a little taste of freedom. Unfortunately, drivers should not be capable to use their phones when driving a vehicle because it is dangerous for the driver and the pedestrian as well. The use of phones takes the driver’s attention off the road. Texting and driving causes fatal accidents, which is the leading cause of deaths among teens and is illegal in most countries. In fact, the usage of phones can cause wrecks and are usually fatal. The people who partake in texting and driving areRead MoreResearch: Tabacco Control and Road Safety in Australia1584 Words   |  7 Pagesthe factors causing it. This review brings together information and data from different sources to describe two of Australia’s major successes in health outcome. These are: A) Smoking and Tobacco Control B) Road Traffic Safety DESCRIPTION Australia ranks highly among nations in efforts to reduce the burden of tobacco caused deaths and disease (WHO, 1997).This is to not ignore the fact that many Australian’s (Indigenous group) are still to quit smoking andRead MoreFinancing, Debt, And Equity Debt1738 Words   |  7 Pagesdebt used to finance a company s assets. A low debt to equity ratio indicates lower risk, because as mentioned previously, debt holders have less claims on the company s assets.. Given Exxon s strong Exxon s Debt/equity according to the chart is at 0.20. A high WACC, is typically a signal of higher risk associated with a firm s operations. I investors tend to require additional return to assume additional risk. Exxon s WACC can be used to estimate the expected costs for all of its financingRead MoreRoad Rage660 Words   |  3 PagesAnalysis 1 – Road Rage Road Rage has become a widespread hazard on the nation’s congested, fast-paced roads, especially on highways. In fact, Road Rage is a serious national problem. Do you curse and honk your horn if a driver tries to cut you off, or slam on your brakes to annoy someone who’s tailgating? Aggressive driving, better known as â€Å"Road Rage†, occurs when furious motorists lose their temper over traffic disturbances. Almost every day you hear of another incident involvingRead MoreOn The Early Morning Of October 27, 2014, High School Sophomore1480 Words   |  6 Pagesconversation on his hands-free device while driving on an unknown route. Although car and technology companies might argue that hands-free devices are a step in the right direction to combat distracted driving, there are numerous studies that dispute those claims. The use of hands-free devices while driving is a negative aspect of today’s society because of technological advancements, false sense of security, and the result of the dangers imposed to drivers on the road. The cellphone has becomeRead MoreMotor Vehicles and Speed Limits in the United States1440 Words   |  6 PagesSince the first gasoline powered vehicle was invented, automobile technology has advanced at a rapid pace to bring us faster, safer vehicles (Managing Speed). Roads have improved from dirt and gravel to asphalt and concrete, and the number of vehicles on the road has increased exponentially. The motor vehicle has become the backbone of today’s society. Speed limits in the United States are at the highest they have ever been, yet vehicles today are powerful enough to easily exceed those posted speedRead MoreFood Related Allergies1332 Words   |  6 PagesManagement The management and treatment of food related allergies is imperative within the early years learning environment. Quality area two of the National Quality Standard focuses on safeguarding and promoting children’s health and safety (ACECQA, 2013). The most important aspect is prevention and intervention ensuring that children with allergies do not encounter the allergen (Goodman, 2013). This can be achieved by following the National Quality Standard and ensuring that each child is adequatelyRead MoreEssay about Are Cellphones Safe to Use?1671 Words   |  7 Pagesthe years and so has the number of car crashes. She says there is a direct connection between the usage of cellphones and the crashes because they cause a distraction to the users. Cellphones are not only a danger to users but to everyone else on the road and the effects of the car crashes involves a lot of people. If a person was to kill someone because they were carelessly using a cellphone while driving not only wo uld it affect the driver’s life legally but it would affect the family whose family

Understanding Human Resource Management of Reebok Australia

Question: How to Understanding Human Resource Management of Reebok Australia? Answer: Introduction: The following report is going to analyse the human resource management of Reebok Australia, a venture of Adidas, Australia. Being the brand of Adidas, Reebok products are one of the highest consumed ones in the world. Australia has been one of the strongest markets that have accepted the brand cordially and created a sensation for sports goods and wears. However, marketing management has highly been encouraged with the help of the working staff in the company who are highly responsible and competent in analysing marketing, production, sales, supply chain and administrative aspect of the company. Being a corporate giant, Reebok, Australia takes well care of the employees working in the company. The report seeks to find out the approach of the company towards human resource, the types of employees according to the firm model prescribed by Atkinson. Company Profile: Reebok Australia is the franchise of Reebok International Ltd., a business venture of Adidas. The company is involved in designing and selling footwear and apparel in the international market. Since Reebok is involved in the international business, it has opened different branches- both administrative and marketing in different countries in the world. The basic human resource management tagline for Reebok is together we win that is provided by the mother company Adidas. As per the statistical report, the company has more than seventeen hundred (1700) concept stores, more than nine hundred (900) factory outlets and more than 150 concession corners in the world. Therefore, the total number of the employees in the company including its factories, the outlets and other sectors is astonishingly high. Type of employees: According to Atkinson, flexibility of a firm has two different dimensions. These are flexibility in employment and flexibility in work. While discussing about the types of the employees in Reebok, the flexibility of employment is going t be analysed. Reebok international and Australia have different types of labours or employees. There are part-time working groups and shift working groups (Lengnick-Hall, Lengnick-Hall and Rigsbee 2013.). HR Department and Dedication: The HR department of the company is highly dedicated to the employees as the company believes that the employees are the actual strength to have established the company in present market. There are several departments of the company- the factory, the designing stores and the outlets as well as the brand factory stores. The stores where the company employs the staff in order to directly handle the customers have structured a working culture that is beyond the expectation. As the Reebok sells consumer product, the employees are ensured to prioritise the customers. Special training and working privileges are provided to the employees. There are monetary as well as reward based facilities to the employees in sales department. (Wolsey, Minten and Abrams 2011) Recruitment and Selection Issues in Australia: Barrett, R. and Mayson, S., 2007. Human resource management in growing small firms.Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development,14(2), pp.307-320. Barrett and Mayson in their paper, Human resource Management in Growing Small Firms have focused on the issues pertaining to the selection and recruitment of staff in the small in Australian small business firms. According to the researchers, the growing small firms are not able to exhibit formalised Human resource Management practices during the selection procedure. During the survey of the growing small firms in the country, they have found that only 46.9 % of the total growing small business firms offer salary packaging to the employees thus loosing maximum number of potential employees. They have further found that only 23.5% of those business firms get outside or third party assistance in terms of recruiting the employees. Since the small business companies do not have mmuch experience in recrting the most potential talents, they have the option to outsource the recruitment process that they seldom do. This is why, the recruitment and selection procedure remains failure because of employee turnover. Once the employees get better opportunities, they shift their company. Staff retention needs to be ensured through offering them with incentives, good pay scale and job sharing opportunity. However, the small business companies in Australia are not found to be practicing so. In A Study of Human Resource Recruitment, Selection, and Retention Issues in the Hospitality and Tourism Industry in Macau , the authors Chan and Kouk (2011) assess the attitudes of the managers during the hiring process of the employees in Macau. The basic issue lies in this fact that still the resumes and the reviews of the applicants are used during the hiring process. The quite conventional hiring process has been obsolete in many countries because the employers believe in the realistic credentials of the employees that are judged during the interview session as well as the on the job training session. On the contrary, selection procedure in Macau is still based on the academic credentials of the employees. It does not allow the people with less marks yet good command and potential on the work they are going to be deployed at. The authors have also found that the huge rate of employee turnover in the companies is the payment and adjustment of salaries. Such practice affects the f orth coming interview sessions. On the other hand, lack of innovative employee recruitment technique also results in employee turnover or absenteeism in the interviews. The basic reason for employee retention is the pay roll of a particular company. Besides the payment, the employees judge whether the companies are providing them with lifetime benefits such as gratuity, superannuation schemes and insurance plans. Moreover, other factors attracting the employees for continuing the job is the adaptable working environment in the workplace. Workplace environment is a short term determinant for the employee retention. Motivational surroundings and suitable leadership quality is one of the employee retention factors. On top of that, following factors can also be noted: job sharing, reliance upon the employees, training and development programmes and so on. Performance Management Plan: Job Description: The following performance management plan seeks to manage the employees for the post of sales executive of Lion Beer, Australia. Job Profile: Junior Sales Executive Company: Lion Co. Australia- a brewery company from New Zealand doing equally important business in Australia. It is the largest brewery and beverage company in Australia and New Zealand. Since the company has hold on almost all retail shops, bars and pubs, the sales executives of the company are deployed to take adequate orders from the dealers and make good customer relation. Job Details: Managing and performing sales in different bars and outlets. Taking orders and convincing the bar outlets for newly launched products shall be the responsibilities of the sales executives. Performance Review Method: Performance review method constitutes performance appraisal. As per the sales count, repetition of order of a particular product and customer feedback, the performance shall be reviewed. Pros and Cons of the Chosen Method: Pros Cons Since the review method includes customer feedback, it will depict the effort an executive puts while taking the order or convincing for the extension of so. As there is no direct involvement of the companys vigilance, the transparency is questioned. Reference: Barrett, R. and Mayson, S., 2007. Human resource management in growing small firms.Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development,14(2), pp.307-320. Chan, S.H. and Kuok, O.M., 2011. A study of human resources recruitment, selection, and retention issues in the hospitality and tourism industry in Macau.Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality Tourism,10(4), pp.421-441. Lengnick-Hall, M.L., Lengnick-Hall, C.A. and Rigsbee, C.M., 2013. Strategic human resource management and supply chain orientation.Human Resource Management Review,23(4), pp.366-377. Wolsey, C., Minten, S. and Abrams, J., 2011.Human resource management in the sport and leisure industry. Routledge.

Research Proposal on Cultural Heritage Essay Example

Research Proposal on Cultural Heritage Essay Cultural heritage is the part of the material and spiritual culture, created by the previous generations, has gone through the centuries and received by younger generations as something important, valuable and respected. There are many types of the explanations of the term of cultural heritage and this phenomenon can be divided into material and spiritual parts. If one speaks about spiritual cultural heritage, one means the history of the nation, its language, traditions, customs, folklore, literature, music, religion, beliefs, etc. Material heritage is the result of the spiritual human activity; people’s manner of thinking, acceptation of the world around and its phenomena. So, the brightest examples of the material heritage are museums, conservations and archives. Museums present information and valuable material evidence of the existence of the previous civilizations, and just previous generations and their achievements. Museums and galleries contain pieces of art of all kinds (painting, sculpture, etc); archives accumulate documents of all kinds which contain personal information about everyone, for example, correspondence. Conservation is characterized with the protection of architecture, art, archaeological excavations, film and phonograph accumulation. Nearly every town and city has hundreds of old buildings which are supposed to be the masterpieces of architecture and belong to the cultural heritage and require protection. Furthermore, there is natural heritage, which is associated with national parks, which contain flora and fauna of the region and maintain the biodiversity of the country. If the country is rich in picturesque landscapes and geological natural formations, one can speak about geodiversity, such as canyons, mountains, caves, etc. Rich cultural heritage not just reminds about the achievements of the previous generations but attracts tourists from all over the world and maintains t he country’s economy. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Cultural Heritage specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Cultural Heritage specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Cultural Heritage specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer When the student is asked to prepare a sensible research proposal, he should bear in mind that he has to demonstrate thought-provoking and interesting issues for the analysis. So, one is able to dwell on the research of cultural heritage and its types focusing on the points which require analysis and additional discussion. The young person is able to generate bright ideas about the necessity of protection of cultural heritage and share his ideas about the fulfillment of this plan. A logical and brief proposal will surely persuade the professor in the quality of the chosen topic, so one should treat the assignment with responsibility and creativity. It is not easy to succeed in writing a research proposal, so one should rely on the extra piece of advice of a free example research proposal on cultural heritage written by an expert online. This hint for writing will be quite helpful for the student who improves his knowledge and writing skills with a free sample research proposal on cultural heritage found in the Internet. NOTE!!! All free research proposal papers on Cultural Heritage are 100% plagiarized, we are here to help you! EssayLib.com is a leading research proposal writing service, which can offer you the solution you have been looking for. With thousands of written research papers and proposals for Master’s and PhD degrees, we can give you exactly what you need at very affordable prices. Our experienced writers will prove you that high quality and exclusivity is a trademark of our products. We can guarantee your confidentiality and promise you strict on time delivery. There are many reasons for EssayLib.com to become your favorite research proposal writing service, but all we are asking you – just give us a try!

Electronic Medical Records Software in a Nursing Home Essays

Electronic Medical Records Software in a Nursing Home Essays Electronic Medical Records Software in a Nursing Home Paper Electronic Medical Records Software in a Nursing Home Paper St. John Elderly Homes is a newly established nursing home for the elderly just outside the metro of New Jersey. It was established last 2007 with a capacity of fifty patients. Presently, it houses forty eight elderly, thirty males and eighteen females, with three in-house doctors, a head nurse, five nurses, six caregivers and support utility and administrative staff of five. Because of the number of their patients and continuous lab testing and medications, the head nurse of the St. John, Ms. Lenny Jose, was asked to purchase Electronic Medical Records (EMR) software. St. John Elderly Homes chose to acquire Advance Data Systems (ADS) Corporation’s MedicsDocAssistant EMR. Â  It was chosen against other EMR because of its features applicable and helpful to the elderly homes’ settings and its considerable cost (the package of the technology was not disclosed by Ms. Jose as part of their contract with ADS). According to Mr. Michael Brown, head of the I.T. department and the over-all head on the recent implementation of the software, one of the features of ADS’ EMR is its accessibility to patients. The patients can fill-up the information needed in advance prior to their visit or acceptance to the nursing home. The nurses and caregivers update the information on the EMR every now and then. This helps the doctors and nurses to track the patients’ development and health status. The supplier of the EMR software has an in house technician, working closely with Mr. Brown, updates its version and patches. There will be no more extra charge on the part of St. John every time the technician updates the software. Because St. John was a nursing home and has specific needs and details on their EMR, their in-house physicians usually coordinate with the supplier and their technician on how to improve the software. The consistent and continuous communications between Mr. Brown, St. John’s in-house physician and the vendor’s technician is very productive and efficient that it produces much needed improvements on the EMR. It is the administrative staff of St. John that updates and put entries coming from outside organizations. ADS’ EMR has thousands of templates for easy and fast entry of data. There are already glossaries of thousand of medical terms, medicines and the ability to recognize handwritten notes included in the EMR, which is of a great help for their administrative staff. According to ADS’ website, MedicsDocAssistant have the following key features: the technology to enter handwritten notes in the software; it has ready-made templates for easy commands and faster transactions; and it has different security level for various accesses to the program (Advance Data System Corporation, 2008). Ms Jose and Mr. Brown said in the interview that they are contented on the features and services that ADS’ EMR offers. Over-all, they said that the newly acquired EMR was of great help for them and for their patients. Reference: Advance Data System Corporation. 2008. Accessed last March 29 2009, from adsc.com/. L. Jose, personal interview, March 28, 2008.

Book Design in Self Publishing - Breaking New Ground

Book Design in Self Publishing - Breaking New Ground Book Design in Self-Publishing: Breaking New Ground Self-publishing is often about pushing the boundaries, and this is what today’s interview is all about. The Perfect Capital by Karen Healey Wallace isn’t just any self-published book, it is one whose design is ingrained into its very being, both through the story it tells and through its sophisticated layout and typography.The Perfect Capital has truly broken new ground and was nominated for Best British Book Award Shortlist and Best Editorial Design Award Shortlist 2014. We   spoke to Karen about the inspiration behind the book, it’s design, and typographer Eric Gill’s role in the story. For those who love video, just hit play. If you prefer images with an edited text, feast your eyes on the text and words below.â€Å"Book production in the hands of writers should create books nobody’s done, nobody’s even dreamed of. Because they come unimpeded out of your imagination.† Karen Healey WallaceWelcome Karen it’s great to have you with us, to start with, can you please tell me a little more about you concept of book creation in the hands of authorsHi! Well it does seem illogical to me that books in the hands of authors aren’t the best books on the market. There was an age when ‘vanity publishing’, as they called it then, was the high-end of the market and the idea that an author can see their book through exactly the way they wanted it, should produce the most beautiful books. So it seems to me a strange anomaly that a lot of self-publishing now seems rubbish - lots of Print-On-Demand books, often with typographical errors etc - but it doesn’t need to be that way and it shouldn’t be! So I hope that The Perfect Capital is a pathfinder for more books like this.Please show us what the book looks like! It’s quite an object†¦Well to start with, here’s the spine - the spine title has replaced the collator’s marks which was probably one of the bravest thin gs I did because you can’t actually see the title at all. I made the executive decision that people don’t make book choices from 15 feet away, they usually walk right up to it and see whether they want it.A brief background around how this thing came into being: The Perfect Capital is a piece of literary fiction. It’s about one woman’s quest to find the perfect letter form of the typographer Eric Gill (1882-1940). So the story weaves in that character’s artistic discoveries, which looks at Eric Gill’s real-life inscriptions in London. This is woven into the other side of the story line where an old-fashioned character (Maud) falls in with the most imperfect man (Edward). The fiction and narrative is based in Gill himself: I took the perfect artist and put him in one character; and then I put the other part of Gill as a highly imperfect man into another character.That was originally where I was going to leave it†¦ What I didn’t re alise was going to happen was put perfectly by Beatrice Ward who said that â€Å"Either the whole man comes up, or else the tweezers slip†. It was everything or nothing. I absolutely experienced that in my relationship, so I found myself unable to pick and choose. I was writing the design brief for the book and the book when I knew I was going to be self-publishing it, the book literally appeared fully formed in my head. Whilst I did need to find a designer and a printer, I actually never needed to submit that brief because I knew exactly what I wanted, I just needed to find the people to make it happen.Talk us through the thought process of making the bookThe nice thing is that although I ended up making something special, I never decided to make something special: I didn’t sit down and say â€Å"this is going to be a really beautiful book†. My only decision was to make a book that was absolutely right for my story. The perfect book in my mind isn’t jus t an advertisement for the story that’s inside it, it actually tells the story from the moment you pick it up.Because I didn’t know what I was doing, I was in the lovely position to make the book that I chose to make, rather than make the book that convention or machinery would allow. It’s having the idea and saying â€Å"how can I make this work† rather than knowing how things work and limiting your ideas to that. I knew that I wanted a type-only book that fit with my story. The book is of course in paper and not in stone, but it has a feeling of stone. It’s very simple and feels like an art book and obviously the story is about an artist inside.service@reedsy.com to claim your discount!

Lab Discussion Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Discussion - Lab Report Example However, the box does not move due to friction. How do the magnitudes of the forces between you and the box compare to each other? The magnitude of the force holding the box onto the surface is higher as compared to that applied to move the box. This explains the reason why the box remains on the surface and does not move. The force of friction is dependent on the total force that is pressing the two surfaces together. b. You switch to a box that has a mass that is half of your mass and try to push it across the floor, but it also does not move. How do the magnitudes of the forces between you and the box compare to each other? The magnitude of the force holding the box onto the surface is lower as compared to that applied to move the box. This implies that the resisting force (friction) is lower than the force that is applied to start motion and this causes the box to remain onto the surface without any motion towards any of the directions. For motion to occur, the two forces must have equal magnitudes. c. You are able to place the box that has a mass half of your own onto a platform with wheels and you are able to push the box across the floor. How do the magnitudes of the forces between you and the box compare to each other? The magnitude of the force holding the box onto the surface is equal to the force of friction. The wheels reduce the resisting force (friction) between the floor and the box and hence the box is able to slide across the floor. Once the two forces have equal magnitudes, the box is able to slide across the floor. 3. You apply a 2 Newton force to a 0.5 kilogram cart on a track and measure the acceleration of the cart with a motion detector. The acceleration is measured to be equal to 3.5 meters/sec2. Calculate the frictional force. In which direction compared to the applied force is it directed? Newton’s third law states that for every force that is applied, there is a resultant reaction force that is

Consumer medicine information ( CMI ) in pharmacy Essay

Consumer medicine information ( CMI ) in pharmacy - Essay Example Complementary medicine also includes herbal medicines, traditional medicines, vitamins, minerals, nutritional supplements, homeopathic remedies, and aromatherapy products. Complementary medicines are under the regulation of non-prescription drugs; they also include both registered and listed therapeutic goods. Complementary medicines are different from (OTC) drugs in terms of their use. Complementary drugs often do not rely on evidence of efficacy, and one of these complementary drugs – herbal medicines are based on traditional knowledge. Under the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA), complementary medicines must be scientifically evaluated to become listed or registered as therapeutic goods (Australia Government, 2007). And in order to be listed as complementary medicines, they must be essentially safe in the form they are presented. Efficacy of the medicines may or may not also be established through clinical trials. The dose and form of the active ingredients may vary and the sponsor may then provide an effective dose for therapeutic purposes. An â€Å"AUST L† number is assigned by the TGA and is later indicated in the label. This would mean that it is a listed product. Careful reading is essential for the imposition of effective doses especially considering the range of plant parts used and the method of processing of the drug. If the product indicates increased reports for treatment of serious illnesses, it must then be approved as a registered product and be given an â€Å"AUS R† number on the label. Evidence for safety and efficacy will rely on the possible adverse effects of the drug during its use. All products must be labelled in English and indicate the active ingredients, recommended dosage, indication and such other information (Australian Government, 2007). This is because â€Å"the quality standards for therapeutic goods in Australia are delivered through good manufacturing practice (GMP).

Technology and Workers Rights Essay Example for Free

Technology and Workers Rights Essay Whether it is over a cup of coffee with friends at the local Starbucks, in a crowded lunch room at work, or on a coworker’s Facebook wall, employees are talking about their jobs, especially to one another. New trends in modern technology, such as the recent explosion and popularity of social networking sites like Facebook and Twitter, continue to constantly change the way employees can engage, share, and voice their work related concerns. According to the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB), an independent government agency charged with mediating disputes between management and labor unions, this new trend has become an important reminder that sometimes harsh criticism by employees is protected by federal law at work, at home, and now on the Internet. Although social media provides another forum for employees to exercise their protected collective activities, such as share complaints or address concerns to improve working conditions and pay, employers must make sure newly developed social media policies give due consideration to employees’ rights that are protected under the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA). The New York Times recently published that under the NLRA, â€Å"employees have the right to join together, with or without a union, to exercise their protected collective activities to share complaints, address concerns with employers, and negotiation to improve their working conditions and pay.† The NLRA also protects employees’ rights to discuss work-related issues with other employees that was first made into federal law back in 1935. Basically, criticism of an employer’s practices about wages, hours and working conditions is protected no matter how it is expressed, as long as it is ‘protected, concerted activity.’ The NLRA says that â€Å"protected† is any statement about wages, hours or working conditions, and â€Å"concerted† means the employee’s statements were engaged in with or on the authority of other employees. Workers need to be aware that statements made through this type of forum have to be directed to other employees or to the company on behalf of the employees – not just personal gripes. However, employers need to understand that it doesn’t matter where or even how the employee makes these statements as long as it is â€Å"protected† and â€Å"concerted†. As popular social media sites like Facebook and Twitter continue to influence the way co-workers communicate on the job and outside the workplace, companies feel they do have the right to legally monitor their employees’ activities online, in order to ensure a most professional and lawsuit-proof workplace. â€Å"Bosses can penalize employees for what they deem as â€Å"inappropriate† post, videos and pictures on social-networking sites, even if a worker uses those sites during non-working hours†, states Lewis Maltby, author of the workplace rights book, Can They Do That? Though the most frequently cited justification for workplace monitoring is to prevent employee theft, sabotage, and violent incidents on the job, companies have also voiced concerns that they run huge risks with employees leaking â€Å"trade secrets† or other confidential and proprietary information about their people, products, and services to outside competitors online. In his book, The Naked Employee, author Frederick Lane, a workplace expert on the impact of technology and society, points out â€Å"employers are increasingly more interested in hiring employees who will not expose the company to additional costs and liability, while not hiring employees who will increase their cost through negligence, misconduct, and wrongdoing† (28). But the biggest threat companies are now beginning to fear is the line between an honest online discussion that may lead to defamation of a company, which can be blurry in certain situations, making it even more difficult to distinguish the truth. Although computers have revolutionized employees’ workplaces in ways that earlier generations could not have imagined, U. S. companies, such as retail giant Wal-Mart, may realize they are in catch-up mode with modern technology, due to new challenges brought on by the recent explosion of social media sites. The NLRB found that employers facing this growing trend need to establish social media policies that do not infringe on workers’ rights. For example, the NLRB learned that one company mandated it’s employees to stay away from controversial topics such as religion and politics, and adopt a professional tone in the use of their social media, while other companies had gone so far as to blatantly forbid their employees from posting anything potentially misleading about the company online, and even told their employees to be careful about â€Å"friending† other co-workers on Facebook. The Washington Times reported that in June of this year along, â€Å"the NLRB also found that six of the seven corporate social media policies it examined included provisions that failed to pass regulatory muster, proving to be too vague or intrusive on their workers’ rights to free expression online.† NLRB General Counsel, Lafe Solomon, cited other companies, including DIS H Network and Target, have also maintained similar corporate social media policies that at least partially violated provisions of the NLRA. This delicate balance became strikingly apparent in a recent case filed with the NLRB by a non-union employee fired from a non-unionized emergency medical response team. The employee filed a charge with the NLRB against the company for wrongful discharge after losing her job for posting negative comments about her boss on Facebook. According to the employer, the posting violated a company policy that prohibits employees from making negative remarks on the Internet about the company or its employees. However, the employee claimed that the policy and her discharge from the company violated the NLRA by denying employees their right to engage in the protected, concerted activity of sharing complaints about working conditions with fellow workers. The case settled before an actual hearing with the company agreeing to revise its policy to eliminate any social media restrictions on its employees that could be in violation of the NLRA. In the initial complaint against the company, the NLRB cl aimed the employer’s policy was overly broad and prohibited employees from writing personal personal depictions of the company online without permission or posting any disapproving comments. Cases such as these should serve as a reminder to every employer that the NLRA applies to unionized and non-unionized workers alike. But in this increasingly technologically savvy world, the larger questions looming for both employers and employees alike should be what are the boundaries of an employee’s privacy, and who is more entitled to draw that line. â€Å"Companies should protect themselves and their employees by setting clear expectations on proper social media use in the office,† says Dean Debnam, CEO of Workplace Options, a public policy polling company that surveys American workers. â€Å"However, employers must be cautious of how far they take these regulations. While social media polices are not a problem, survey results show that employees do not support any intrusive measures, such as demanding access to passwords.† As new avenues of self expression created by social media and newly developed technologies evolve, employees should definitely be mindful as to what constitutes a legitimate basis for termination. Companies’ rights to dismiss employees at will, unless that is some statute, like the Labor Act, prohibits a particular act of retaliation, should not be taken lightly. In this tough economy where companies feel that image is still everything, even applicants who have applied for jobs may find out later they have been denied employment, due to messages communicated to their friends on social networking sites they thought were private and password protected. The bigger notion that’s scary for some employees is that once you are hired, you may find that your employer has taken drastic steps to make sure that access to your privacy extends well beyond company working hours. Lane agrees that workplace monitoring is a major problem, because â€Å"technology makes it possible for employers to gather enormous amounts of data about employees, and often goes far beyond what is necessary to satisfy safety or productivity concerns (3-4). Few rights are as deeply treasured by American citizens as their freedom of speech. As the Internet and social media sites becomes more mainstream within the workplace, employers must find better ways to draft and implement employment policies that protect the company from things such as legal disputes and charges of discrimination, while at the same time making sure employee’s rights under the NLRA and other federal employment laws are protected and preserved. Works Cited Buddenberg, Roger. â€Å"Can Workers Vent on Facebook? – Lawyers’ Tips on Social Media for Workers.† Omaha World Herald (NE) 10 Oct. 2011. Academic Search Premier. Web. 30 Oct. 2012. Devaney, Tim. â€Å"Tweeting Workers ‘Friended’ by NLRB; Memo Warns of Restricting Rights.† Washington Times 26 June 2012. Academic Search Premier. Web. 18 Sep. 2012. Kim, Susanna. â€Å"NLRB Backs Workers Fired After Facebook Post Ripping Boss.† ABC News, 10 Nov. 2010. Web. 4 Dec. 2012. Lane, Frederick S. The Naked Employee: How Technology is Compromising Workplace Privacy. New York: Amacom, 2003. Print. Petrecca, Laura. â€Å"More Employers Use Tech to Track Workers.† USA Today. USA Today, 17 March 2010. Web. 6 Sept. 2012.

Hippocratic Medicine :: essays research papers fc

Introduction Hippocratic medicine remains one of Ancient Greece's lasting contributions to the field of science. Lacking the equipment physicians today take for granted when diagnosing and healing their patients, Hippocratic physicians were forced to create a novel system for explaining and curing disease based upon the prevalent scientific theories of their era. This system became known as the humoral theory of disease. Humoral theory incorporated the theories of Presocratic philosophers in order to explain disease and offer help for a cure. Two themes characterizing Presocratic philosophical thought dramatically influenced humoral theory. The humoral theory approach of Hippocratic medicine was based upon Presocratic philosophical musings about the relationship of man to the world. By the time humoral theory was vogue, philosophers had concluded that both man and the world were governed by the same natural laws. Humoral theory also was based upon Presocratic theories about change and how it occu rred in the world; humoral theory depended upon the assertion that contrasting elements constantly contradicted each other, leading to continuous change on one level and stability on another. These two Presocratic theories shaped humoral theory and allowed the physician to develop a rational and empirically based approach to medicine. Hippocrates - Separating the Man from the Myth Before we can trace the development of these theories by the Presocratics we must first consider Hippocratic medicine and humoral theory. Most of what is known about the historical figure Hippocrates, the supposed founder of the Hippocratic medical approach, must be evaluated with caution. Hippocrates lived c. 460-370 BC, but further reliable information about his life is difficult to obtain.(1) Two passages from Plato are seen as legitimate sources of information about Hippocrates' life. Plato lived from 427-348 BC, making him a contemporary of Hippocrates. A passage from Plato's work Protagoras suggests that Hippocrates was a physician, associated with the island of Cos, who taught medicine to students for a fee. Another passage from a work of Plato, the Phaedras, alludes to a "method" by which Hippocrates gained an understanding of medicine. These sources provide some means by which to evaluate the impact of Hippocrates upon ancient medical practice. The Corpus Hippocraticum Many other texts attributed to Hippocrates shed light upon the Hippocratic method of medicine. None of these texts may be identified as Hippocrates' own work, however. These works are called the Corpus Hippocraticum and number upwards of sixty.(2) Scholars have suggested that the texts may have been part of a library collection, originally from Cos, that was subsequently moved to Alexandria and then added upon, building the collection of medical texts we have today.

Uganda

1. What is the nature of OpenMRS and why was it developed? Why were US universities, US National Institute of Health (NIH) and US donors involved in developing this system? 2. What were the impacts of using OpenMRS in ISS Clinic? How did the healthcare system improve? 3. What were the problems encountered in using OpenMRS? Discuss the battle of forms and why there were disagreements about what forms to use. Make a distinction between research vs. clinical objectives, US researcher vs. local objectives. 4. Why the OpenMRS project is in danger of failure? Why did the clinicians at ISS clinic say that â€Å"we didn’t ask for it.It is your problem†? Why MOH and US researchers are at odds about the value of OpenMRS? 5. What can be learned from this experience when implementing IT projects in developing countries? Do culture and world politics have a role? Why? 1. The OpenMRS is an electronic medical record system (EMRS) that was developed to track of patients medical records across a variety of different countries to be used in different types of clinics. Having the software as open source also meant that the source code could be assessed by anyone and customized to fit their particular need.In the ISS Clinic in Uganda it was used for patients being treated for HIV/AIDS. The system was developed to replace paper records which would make the work of researchers and clinic workers easier. The EMRs was used to track patient progress and track the inventory of antiretroviral drugs. US donors were most interested in the system as it made the retrieving information on patients that is needed for their research on AIDS, antiretroviral treatment, and other disease research much more accessible. 2.The impact of using OpenMRS was that it had greater storage capacity than Microsoft excel and it could be customized for their own particular use. Using the new system clinicians were able to able spend less time reviewing patient data and more time with patients as w ell as reducing wait times. Since patients usually did not see the same clinic staff. The data also allowed them to analyze patient trends and reduce the instance of drug stock outs. They could also use the data base to generate random samples for new research studies. 3. The problem with the Open MRS system is that not everyone in the clinic was on board.Clinic workers generally thought of the system as more for the US researchers. Clinicians did not have much access to the system either as their primary tool was still paper forms. Another bump in the road was the Ministry of Health standardizing all forms for HIV clinics meant that ISS needed to redo their system to match the new forms, which also were lacking room the for the additional data needed for UCSF and MGH research. The Ministry of Health in Uganda was concerned with making the reporting of HIV treatment standard for all patients across all the different health platforms, public or private.For the US researchers they wan ted to include additional data for their various studies. Both the clinic and the researchers goal was to better and more efficiently treat the AIDS epidemic, however for the researchers they also needed to report back to their grant funders and publish studies in order to keep the program running. 4. The OpenMRS system was in danger of failure in 2010 because there was not enough financial support to cover the operational cost of the program. Funding was being stretched thinner and thinner and one of the clinics big grants was about to expire.The Ugandan Ministry of Health was also not willing to cover the gaps as they did not see the value in the system for their own objectives. The Clinicians didn’t see the immediate value of the system for themselves because they thought of it as a tool of the US researchers (US Researchers were the only ones publishing papers using the data) not thinking about how it’s effect on the day to day operations of the clinic. 5. I think that there is definitely a cultural element to the problem in developing support for the OpenMRS project. The US stakeholders seemed to come in and set up shop without any input from the local people or government.They thought that the government should automatically throw their support behind their efforts. The US stakeholders should have really engaged the local people more with the project, getting them more involved in developing the system and training them to use the system and showing clinicians why it is important for them. The Americans should have also gotten Ugandan researchers involved in using the system to publish their own papers. Having more of a local participation in the project and making it a collaborative effort would have made Ugandan government and workers see the system as their own.

The Effects of Traveling Abroad

Cause and effect essay The Effects of Traveling Abroad Why do people take a journey for a short or long period of time? Even though journey takes a lot of money and time, most people want to take a journey to learn something from the journey when they can afford to. Journey is precious especially when people leave themselves from where they live. What kind of benefits do they have from the journey? By leaving where they live, people come to know themselves, their family and friends who are always with them. There are numerous old proverbs regarding the journey over the world.One thing those proverbs indicate is journey is a great experience in our life and helps the life improving. I am going to talk about the effects of journey by giving my own experience of traveling abroad with the proverbs. â€Å"To make your children live successful, send them on journey early on. † There is an old proverb with journey. This proverb comes up with my parents who sent me and my brother to E ngland when I was 13 years old. At that time, I was too young to know where I was going to and who am I. However, the staying in England, consequently, made me know myself a little bit and meet the totally new world.The experience in England contributes to my thinking and dream in a global way. Ultimately, my parents’ decision sending me and my brother on journey early on had great effects on our life. â€Å"To know and understand your friend, take a trip with her or him for four days. † I’ve heard many times from my friends about traveling abroad with friends. Most people who took a journey abroad with their friends had a fight during the journey. When couples go on a trip together, they always have a fight during the trip.I know two couples who broke up after traveling abroad. They realized that they don’t get along well from the journey. In my experience, I’ve been to Japan for five days with my best friend who I’ve known when I was middl e school student. Before beginning our journey, I was really worried about our friendship. That’s why I tried to being nice and understand her point of view in planning our journey. We had a disagreement when we were traveling in Japan but we got over soon because we know each other very well and we didn’t want to break our friendship.Through this journey with my closest friend, we have been getting closer and thinking each other more precious. â€Å"Journey makes people not only pure but also strong. † This proverb implies the importance of journey in our life especially regarding oneself. In 2009 before the Vancouver Olympic Games 2010, I went to Vancouver to do volunteering activities for 6 months at the Olympic venue. At that time, I lived in a foreign country for a long time, bought some foods, made my plates, and did laundry by myself for the first time.This life in Vancouver, as a result, changed the way of thinking and made me see the broad world. Someti mes I had trouble living other country and was in a slump doing my volunteering activities. This led me to look back on myself. By living other country alone, I had much time thinking about my life, dream and future in my country. After then, when I come across challenges, I can overcome even though how hard they are. It is an undeniable fact that people have learned a lesson from traveling abroad. We can experience new culture, food, people and atmosphere from the journey.During the period of time traveling abroad, we can have enough time to think about ourselves and change our point of view. Journey makes us grow up in a good way. That’s why people always want to leave somewhere nice to feel a new environment and make their life plentiful. Traveling abroad always accompany with troubles and problems. We can realize wisdom of life by experiencing lots of hard times during the traveling. Like the old proverbs, â€Å"Travel broadens the mind, and raises the spirits. †, traveling abroad teaches how to see and live our life.

Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte essays

Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte essays Wuthering Heights opens as a diary; according to Steinitz (2000), this serves as a means to establish a frame through which the story can be told. Steinitz also suggests that Bronte uses a personal diary to "articulate her preoccupation with space by locating all of her family members precisely" (Steinitz, 2000:1). She notes the exact positioning for example of her sister Anne's foot on the floor; likewise her character Catherine uses a diary not to place people, but rather as a means to detail a "series of struggles which replace emplacement with displacement" (Steinitz, 2000:1). The work goes on to discuss the displacement of a series of characters including the narrator, who rambles from time to time and seems to suffer from an "anxiety of place;" Lockwood, the narrator obviously uses the diary as a method of discourse, but also as a means perhaps to search for a space to put himself (Steinitz, 2000:1). These ideas are perhaps reflective of Ms. Bronte's own desire to find a place for herself. According to Gaskell (1857) Bronte's earliest years were passed amidst "peculiar forms of population and society" (p.9) whose impressions made upon her early life influenced her writing, including that in Wuthering Heights. Gaskell goes on to say that Bronte's observations of the "peculiar force of character which the Yorkshirement display" are evidenced in many of her characters, particularly Joseph in Wuthering Heights. Joseph is an individual that rarely requires the assistance of other; yet comes to depend upon them; he might be considered a member of the "short- sighted class" whose feelings are not easily roused, but "their duration is The characters in Bronte's Wuthering heights, primarily Heathcliff and Catherine Earnshaw, have been described as "psychologically strange" yet intelligible (Levy, 1996:1). Joyce Carol Oates commented that ...

The Bengal Region

The Bengal Region Bengal is a region in the northeastern Indian Subcontinent, defined by the river delta of the Ganges and Brahmaputra Rivers. This rich agricultural land has long supported one of the densest human populations on Earth, despite the danger from floods and cyclones. Today, Bengal is divided between the nation of Bangladesh and the state of West Bengal, India. In the larger context of Asian history, Bengal played a key role in ancient trade routes as well as during the Mongol invasion, British-Russian conflicts, and the spread of Islam to Eastern Asia. Even the distinct language, called Bengali or Bangla - which is an eastern Indo-European language and a linguistic cousin of Sanskrit - spread throughout much of the Middle East, with about 205 million native speakers. Early History The derivation of the word Bengal or  Bangla  is unclear, but it appears to be quite ancient. The most convincing theory is that it comes from the name of the Bang  tribe, Dravidic-speakers who settled the river delta sometime around 1000 B.C. As part of the Magadha region, the early Bengal population shared a passion for arts, sciences, and literature and are credited with the invention of chess as well as the theory that the Earth orbits the Sun. During this time, the main religious influence came from Hinduism and ultimately shaped early politics through the fall of the Magadha era, around 322 B.C. Until the Islamic conquest of 1204 - which placed Bengal under control of the Delhi Sultanate - Hindu remained the regions main religion and through trade with Arab Muslims introduced Islam far earlier to their culture, this new Islamic controlled to the spread of Sufism in Bengal, a practice of mystic Islam which still dominates the regions culture to this day. Independence and Colonialism By 1352, though, the city-states in the region managed to unify again as one nation, Bengal, under its ruler Ilyas Shah. Alongside the Mughal  Empire, the newly founded Bengal Empire served as the subcontinents strongest economic, cultural and trade powers - its sea ports meccas of commerce and exchanges of traditions, art, and literature. In the 16th century, European traders began to arrive at Bengals port cities, bringing with them western religion and customs as well as new goods and services. However, by 1800 the British East India Company controlled the most military power in the region and Bengal fell back to colonial control. Around 1757 to 1765, the central government and military leadership in the region fell to BEIC control. Constant rebellion and political unrest shaped the course of the next 200 years, but Bengal remained - for the most part - under foreign rule until India gained independence in 1947, taking with it West Bengal - which was formed along religious lines and left Bangladesh its own country as well. Current Culture and Economy The modern-day geographic region of Bengal - which encompasses West Bengal in India and Bangladesh -   is primarily an agricultural region, producing such staples as rice, legumes, and high-quality tea. It also exports jute. In Bangladesh, manufacturing is becoming increasingly important to the economy, particularly the garment industry, as are remittances sent home by overseas workers. The Bengali people are divided by religion. Around 70 percent are Muslim due to Islam first being introduced in the 12th century by  Sufi  mystics, who took control of much of the region, at least in terms of shaping government policy and national religion; the remaining 30 percent of the population is mostly  Hindu.

The lawyer profession Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The lawyer profession - Essay Example Thus, countries like the United Kingdom and Australia have taken this issue seriously and have made amendments to lawyer’s regulations. More accurately, they have taken challenges related to new technology seriously in order to stay shoulder to shoulder with these new developments . The Task Force on the Future of the legal Profession in The United State recommends, "NYSBA’s Committee on Standards of Attorney Conduct should study and make recommendations concerning the ethical and risk management considerations associated with new technologies such as social networking, third party hosted solutions, and virtual law firms." This recommendation leads us to the same conclusion. It confirms the impact of globalization on the local legal market and private practice. More importantly, it shows the importance of updating the law with these new progresses. However, law practice management is centered around four key elements which are Law Firm Structure and Billing, Educating a nd Training New Lawyers, Work-life Integration, and Technology. On this paper, I will be focusing on one of the key element, which is law firm structure. Saudi Arabia has many problems relating to these four key elements of law practice management stated above. However, I have chosen to talk about the problem of law firm structure where an amendment to the law discussing law firm structure, particularly, partnership between lawyers, will have a significant impact on the other three elements. Additionally, it will be of benefit to the legal market in general. The Saudi Code of Law Practice is only ten years old.4 The legal profession prior to the issuance of the Code of Law practice was known as Agent profession â€Å"Mehnat Alwakalah.† The laws used to govern lawyers were grouped into eleven articles, eight of which are mentioned in the Organization of Administrative Functions in the Shari’ah Court System (from Article 59 until 66).5 Three of the articles were referred to in the Law for Centralizing Responsibilities in the Shari’ah Court System. 6 One of the most important rules embodied in those articles was the rule that allows those who do not hold law or Shari’ah degree to become lawyers.7 This continued until the enactment of the Law of Procedure before Shari’ah Courts, under the Royal Decree No. M/21, in 19 August 2000. Article 265 of the Law of Procedure Before Shari’ah Courts statues, â€Å"This Law shall supersede the Organization of Administrative Functions in the Shari’ah Court System, sanctioned by Royal Approval No. 109, dated 24 Muharram 1371 [14 October 1952], as well as Articles (52, 66, 82, 83, 85) and (84 regarding civil cases), and 85 of the Law for Centralizing Responsibilities in the Shari’ah Court System, sanctioned by Royal Approval No. 109, dated 24 Muharram 1372 [14 October 1952], and whatever provisions that are inconsistent therewith.† The lawyer profession that exists today in Saudi Arabia existed hundreds of years ago in the Islamic empires Ottoman and Abbasid. More notably, there is evidence to suggest that lawyers exis ted before that.8 Before 1932, Saudi Arabia was known as the Arab Peninsula. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was founded by the King Abdul-Aziz bin Saud in 1932.9 Before that time, Islamic law was the main source of law that governed lawyers in the Arab Peninsula. In Islamic law, lawyers used to be called Litigation Agents (Wakel Blkosomah). Many Islamic books discuss the rights and obligations of Litigation Agents and other issues related to their profession.10 The United States is the world’s largest service market and was the worlds’ largest cross border exporter and importer of services in 2009.11 Thus, it

The Pro's and Con's of Obama Care Research Paper

The Pro's and Con's of Obama Care - Research Paper Example With this healthcare plan, individuals and small business owners can acquire health-related insurances based on subsidized premium. However, the health care plan has been opposed on the ground of racial prejudice. It is also criticized for adding extra taxes, which has increased government spending. Moreover, the other limitation of the healthcare plan is that citizens are required to have health insurance by the year 2014, if not a tax penalty might be imposed on them. In addition, employers are necessitated to contribute not less than the figure of 50% of the health plan premium in order to get advantage of the benefit of tax credit. The employers who do not have adequate tax liability are not eligible to obtain complete current benefit. In this regard, comparing the benefits and the limitations of Obama Care, it can be affirmed that the plan should be continued in the US with aim of providing better quality health insurance plan. In the United States, the people are provided with different healthcare plans along with policies with the aim of improving health coverage. The healthcare plans are implemented in order to ensure that the people are facilitated with effective care as well as treatment services. Obama Care has been implemented in the US with the aim of ensuring that people are provided with better health insurance coverage. The healthcare plan has been implemented as an affordable health care policy, which is identified as ‘Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act’ (PPACA). It has been also identified that the healthcare plan includes new taxes, which have adversely affected the effectiveness of the plan. Additionally, the healthcare plan is also identified to be criticized on different grounds that include legal along with political considerations. On the legal along with political ground, the healthcare plan has been criticized to be based on racial prejudice. In this regard, the health care plan has been ineffective in its approach due to improper management of the policies.

Response Scenario Paper on the Spillage of N,N-dimethylaniline Essay

Response Scenario Paper on the Spillage of N,N-dimethylaniline - Essay Example The principles of the Incident Command System [ICS] provides an organized approach in handling and controlling different types of incidences in which lives and property may be at risk (â€Å"ICS Features and Principles†, 2007). This paper presents a response scenario on the chemical spillage of N,N-dimethylaniline in a manufacturing company using the principles involved in an Incident Command System. Keywords: Incident Command System, N,N-dimethylaniline, Response Scenario Hazardous Material: N,N-dimethylaniline N,N-dimethylaniline is known to be toxic to humans because it affects the organs like kidney and liver. Exposure to this chemical either through ingestion, skin contact or inhalation may lead to acute or chronic effects, depending on the degree of exposure. Although there are no available data whether N,N-dimethylaniline is a carcinogen or a mutagen, it is still best to have as minimal exposure to the chemical as possible (â€Å"N,N-dimethylaniline MSDS†, 2005). N,N-dimethylaniline is a combustible material. There are no data available on possible explosion risks due to static discharge or mechanical impact, or incompatibility with the presence of other chemicals (â€Å"N,N-dimethylaniline MSDS†, 2005), but this does not mean zero chances of the risk of an explosion or fire. Incident Command System The Incident Command System [ICS] follows an organized management principle where there is a hierarchy of the different individuals responsible for the control and handling of emergencies or incidences (FEMA, n.d.). An ICS is headed by the Incident Commander [IC], who has typically three members under the command staff, namely: the Information Officer, Liaison Officer and the Safety Officer. The General Staff which encompasses the Operations, Planning, Logistics and, Finance and Administration, together with the command staff create the over-all management system that comprises the ICS (NRT, 2000). Applicable to both government and privat e sectors, the ICS is an effective yet flexible approach to any incident because it allows the coordination and integration of the different functionalities within an organization (FEMA, n.d.). The scenario of an N,N-dimethylaniline spillage in a manufacturing company requires the immediate response action of the components of the ICS to ensure the safety of the responders, employees, and the people immediately surrounding the area where the incident took place. On-set of the Spillage. The manufacturing plant is categorized as a fixed closed facility in which hazardous materials can be accidentally released in very large quantities because of the presence of large containers in the area. This implies the importance of labeling of these containers for proper identification, especially when an incident like a chemical spill occurs. Aside from labeling, the Materials Safety Data Sheet [MSDS] for the chemicals, in this case, N,N-dimethylaniline must be on-hand to be able to obtain infor mation on the hazardous nature of the material (USFA, 1998). First Responders. More often than not, the first person, also known as the first responder, who recognizes the spill must immediately inform the supervisor of the occurrence of the incident. Regardless of the department or section that they belong to, the first responder must be aware of the type of hazardous material that spilled, immediately wear the necessary personal protective equipment [PPE] and prevent other personnel from

Geotechnical Engineering And Physical Properties Engineering Essay

Geotechnical Engineering And Physical Properties Engineering Essay Burj Al Arab is the worlds tallest iconic and most luxurious hotel. This building has received numerous recognitions around the world, and is mainly known by its design which resembles the shape of a sail boats mast. This 321 meter high building was built on a man-made island only 280 meters from the coast, giving all visitors a 360o view of the bay. Construction began in 1993. Engineers created a surface with a layer of rocks, which is circled with a honey-comb pattern which protects the surface and foundation from erosion. The building contains more than 70Â  000 m2 of concrete and 9Â  000 tons of steel. It took only two years to construct the building and three years to construct the foundation on beach sand, making this a geotechnical wonder.8 Introduction Geotechnical Engineering entails to obtain information of the physical properties of the soil and rock on a proposed site known as site exploration. This information combined with the mechanics of soil can assess the risks presented by the site conditions that must be concluded in the design process of foundations, earthworks and retaining walls. Burj Al Arab has one of the rarest and most interesting foundations, earthworks and retaining wall phenomenas. This include building an island 280 meter off coast as a foundation for this 321 meter high sea shore wonder.1 Throughout this report we will look at which soils are found in Dubai, as well as the properties thereof including the construction of this hotel foundation. Constructing the Burj Al Arab hotel The design of the Burj Al Arab has been constructed with a specific geometry which supports the sail boat like design by protecting the building from changing wind loads. The outermost wall of the building has been constructed by the use of PTFE coated fibreglass which contains air gaps at regular intervals. This double curve membrane design is able to withstand wind pressures easily.3 Additional cables have been provided onto the structure to prevent any deflection in materials. On the full height of the building expansion joints were provided on the right side of the building to ensure the building can withstand the wind load pressures as well as the horizontal stresses that may occur during construction and operation. The material that was used for this sail boat like structure is not only robust but it also protects the buildings interior from the sun by using light defusion.3 After seventy thousand cubic meters of concrete and ninety thousand tons of steel, this great engineering wonder is noted as the heart of Dubai. This spectacular feature of the Burj Al Arabhotel, with its two hundred and two rooms, is located 280 meter off shore from the coast of Dubai and recognised as the best in the world. 2 Concept Architect: Tom Willis-WrightimagesCAHJ41BO.jpg Construction Engineer: WS Atkins and Partners Overseas Multidisciplinary Consultancy. Interior designers: Khuan Chew, Design Principal of KCA International (London). Location: Jumeirah Beach Road, Jumeirah, Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Date: 1994-1999 Style: Postmodern Type/Structure: Luxury 7 stars*Â  rating hotel/resort Size: 321m x 280m (1,053 ft) Medium: steel, glass, cement, steel cables, piles From: Antonino Terranova. The Great Skyscrapers of the World. Special gatefold edition, page 269-279. Figure 1: Burj Al Arab hotel Dubais Soil Profile The topography of Dubai (which lies within the Arabian Desert) is different from the southern portion of the UAE. Its landscape consists of sandy desert patterns consisting mostly out of crushed shell and coral and is clean and white, whereas gravel dominates in the southern regions of the country. 2 When looking at the soil properties of Dubai, its weak and will most probably move outwards in the case of any construction on it. See figure 1 Dubai soil map. 3 Studies also show that Dubais possibility of a tsunami is minimal, due to the Persian Gulf water that is not deep enough to trigger a tsunami. Thus Dubai is classified as a stable zone, whereas the nearest seismic fault line is 120 km from the UAE, making it unlikely for Dubai to be hit by a seismic impact.2 http://www.gisdevelopment.net/proceedings/mapmiddleeast/2006/natural%20resource%20management/images/mme06138_3.jpg Figure 2: Dubai soil map. Foundation Problems The moment when Dubai laid focus on the development of this world wonder, they knew it would be an engineering challenge. Many elements must be taken in consideration in geotechnical engineering to build the worlds 15th tallest building on seabed, where its properties are known as a collapsible soil due to a lack of silt and clay. The collapse phenomenon can be defined as a soil which can withstand somewhat large stresses, with little settlement at low in situ moisture content which will show signs of a decrease in volume and associated settlement with no increase of load if the moisture content rises. Therefore the change in volume goes hand in hand with the change in the soil structure. It is thus evident that a number of conditions need to be met before collapsing begins: 6 The soil must have a collapsible fabric in its structure. This is where the specified soil has a high void ratio and yet has relatively high shear strength at low moisture content due to a coating (Colloidal) around each grain. Partial saturation is essential. This is where collapse settlement will not occur in soils which are located under the water table. Increase of moisture content. This could be seen as the cause for the collapse to take place. With the increase of moisture the colloidal coating loses its strength and thus forces the grains to a denser state with reduction in void ratio. Subjected to an imposed load greater than their overburden pressure before collapse can take place. This is only applied to certain collapsible soils. The typical problem associated with a collapsible soil to a building is that although it is dependent on the increase of the moisture content, collapse can take place years after construction has taken place. 6 Large magnitude settlements can occur beneath lightly loaded structures as well as collapse settlement is regularly localised due to defects in foundation, drainpipe leakage and where ponding occur during rainfall. The engineering properties which most affect the cost of a construction are strengthening compressibility. Both can be enhanced by reducing the voids in the soil. Water must be displaced from the saturated soils in order to reduce the void volume. This can take months if the permeability of the type of soil present is low. The following engineering solutions to the mitigation of the collapse problem are listed below: 6 Avoidance by stopping the triggering mechanism (increase in moisture). This can be made possible by ensuring that water does not penetrate the collapsing soil horizons. Design for collapse. This could be possible in certain scenarios to design a structure which could withstand the predicted collapse settlement. Chemical stabilisation. This is to make use of a stabilising agent which could reduce the settlement. Piled or pier foundation. This is used only when the soil comes from a transported origin which means that the bedrock is covered with a shallow layer, making it possible to rather build on piers or piles. Removal and compaction. This could be done by removing the collapsible soil to a certain depth and replace it through compacting the removed soil in layers. In situ densification by surface rolling. Surface rolling can be done by making use of an impact or vibrating roller for compaction. Soil Properties Beach sand is one of many soils that have a collapsible grain structure, where its surface contains large quantities of calcium carbonate which in more defined terms are remains of microscopic plants and animals that thrive on nutrients in the water surface, where it ultimately settles to the floor. The strength and the behaviour of this soil are thus dependent on the calcareous particles which it contains. These grain particles is well rounded due to it being rotated and shaped by the waves and is poorly graded (i.e. having a narrow particle distribution). This contributes to the high void ratio, meaning that the soil is very loose and can be seen as not a good bonding material. 6 Table 1: Transported soil and possible engineering problem. Soil Type Transported Soil Type Agency of transportation Source Problem to anticipate Beach Sand Littoral deposit Waves Mixed Collapsible grain structure Tests to be performed on beach sand A large amount of data can be generated from soil, but it can all be wasted if the most important step of sampling is not carried out properly. Thus, in order for an analysis to be of significance to a proposed project, it should represent the bulk material of the site. Additionally, soil samples must be taken in abundance and at random, to ensure that the overall characteristics of the soil are effectively represented. See table 2 for properties beach sand. The following tests were used in classifying beach sand (collapsing soil structure):3 Particle size distribution. This test is performed to measure the particle size distribution of the soil sample by passing it through a set of sieves. This is in order to produce a grading curve for the soil, which is used to find out its classification. The solid particles in a soil can have different shapes and sizes, and these characteristics thus have a significant effect on its engineering behavior. By making use of this test one can clearly note whether the soil is well or poorly graded. As for beach sand it is known to be a collapsible soil due to it having a poorly graded grain structure and affected by an increase in moisture. Atterburg limits. This test makes use of three separate tests namely Liquid limit test, Plastic limit test and Shrinkage limit test. This test is used to determine a relationship between the soils consistency and its moisture content. If the soil has low moisture content, it would aim to break before deformation takes place, whereas if the moisture content is too high, the soil will deform more easily. This test is of great importance due to it having an impact on settlement underneath a proposed structure. The test can be used to distinguish between the presence of silts and clays. This is important as silt has much less cohesion than clay. Dry density. This can easily be determined in a laboratory by measuring its physical dimensions and by weighing them. The dry density of a collapsible soil lies between 900-1600 kg/m3. Oedometer test. When a structure is build on a soil it produces settlement due to compression within the soil profile, which depends on the soils properties such as self-weight and also the type of load the soil is experiencing. This test makes use of a series of loads in order to measure the corresponding settlement of the soil. By knowing the soils stress and strain properties will allow the prediction in settlement and swelling of the soil. Collapse Potential test. This test is used to determine the collapse parameters in order to design accordingly. The CP (Collapse Parameters) is given in percentage, to determine the level of severity. Triaxial test. This test is similar to the unconfined compression test, except that the sample is surrounded by a waterproof membrane and installed in a pressure chamber (cell). This test is thus performed to estimate the stress and strain parameters of the specific soil. Permeability. This test is used to determine the ease of which water can flow through a soil profile, which is important for geotechnical engineers in projects. Table 2: Soil properties of silt sand.9 Soil Properties Beach Sand Specific Gravity 2.64-2.66 Bulk Density (Mg/ M3) 1.82-2.15 Dry Density (Mg/ m3) 1.45-1.95 Void ratio 0.35-0.85 Liquid limit (%) 24-35 Plastic limit (%) 14-25 Effective cohesion (kPa) 75 Angle of friction (deg) 32-36 Construction of Burj Al Arab Foundation Constructing a building on sea, an artificial island is needed to design and build the foundations. As many elements need to be taken into account to build an off shore structure, it is therefore important to ensure the protection of the foundation. This can only be done by evaluating all apposed loads to a structure. Seafloor stability regards to the bearing capacity and the sliding resistance thereof must be evaluated for static and combined static, operational and environmental (Like horizontal, vertical loading and overturning moments of the environment which have a return period of up to 15 seconds) loads. Structures with more or less a 150 meter depth could experience horizontal loads of 15-35% of the vertical loading, whereas the overturning moment can be ranging from 100 to 500 million kN/m.8 The change in vertical load during a storm can range from 10 40 % of the static vertical load. This means that the foundation needs to be strong to be able to obtain these loadings. Luc kily these loadings were much less when Burj Al Arab was constructed, due to it only being 7 meters in depth.8IslandConstruction1.jpg Figure 3: Piling of the Burj Al Arab hotel The first step in constructing the island was to place 230 concrete piles (see Figure 3), each one 40 meter in length, which was drilled into the sea bed. The foundation is therefore held in place by the friction of the sand and silts along the length of the piles, rather than the conventional bedrock. The surface was then made by using large rocks that were put together in a specific concrete pattern (honey-comb pattern) which serves as a shield to minimise erosion to the foundation. Making the platform on which the building would be constructed, tube files and sheet files were drilled deep into the sea to support various boundary rocks. Once this was completed the sea water was displaced to fill the inside with concrete slabs as seen on table 3. IslandConstruction2.jpg The structure was then surrounded with a temporary concrete structure to protect the island and the base of the structure, which was filled with a concrete plug slab. Lastly the concrete walls was made where the main basement floor of the building was build (See Figure 4).3 Figure 4: Burj Al Arab Excavated Basement Table 3: Foundation of the Burj Al Arab Conclusion The Burj Al Arab being a geotechnical wonder is due to its size as well as its ability to withstand the environment and the impacts thereof. This building is only carried by a sandy soil which contains broken shells. Its ability under shear strength and pressure is very low, especially since it is located 280 meters of shore. Thus the building stands only on piles which are held into place by just the friction between the soil and the piles, making this project one of the most remarkable foundation types in history. The design of this foundation on this type of soil is breaking barriers in the building industry, making Dubai a leading country in development. Due to South Africa not being a first world country it is impossible for us to be compared to a city which encourages ultimate engineering in structural, hydraulic and geotechnical engineering. Therefore we cannot compare the infrastructures of their country with ours. South Africa could always strive to be a first world country by focusing on infrastructure as well as the inequality of societies. This would encourage tourism and affect the economy positively.

Personal Diet and Weight Loss Management Analysis Essays -- losing wei

Personal Diet and Weight Loss Management Analysis   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Each morning I get on the scales and hope that I can celebrate losing a pound or two. The numbers I see on the scale represent a gauge that keeps me moving forward in a weight loss program. When I look at the numbers on the scale I realize I am making progress in losing weight, however, am I putting my body at more risk just by limiting certain foods? Comparing and contrasting my typical diet to the amounts of daily nutrients recommended in the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Food Guide Pyramid has proven that I am not a healthy eater. I may have to make some dramatic changes or face significant health issues in the future. After reviewing several plans, I have chosen the South Beach Diet to follow to take advantage of the healthy benefits of following a low-carbohydrate diet.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The analysis of my dietary intake for two days is demonstrated on the chart below with the USDA guidelines for my age, gender and lifestyle group, a sedentary female over 50, as a comparison to the food groups and nutrients consumed (Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2005):   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Figure 1: Personal Diet as compared to Recommended Nutrition Intake   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nutrient  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Recommended  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Day 1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Day 2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Findings Energy Intake  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1600 calories  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1770  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1541  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Need to stabilize Grain Group  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  6 servings  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  5  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Need to stabilize Vegetable Group  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3 servings  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Need to stabilize Fruit Group  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.5  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Need to increase Meat Group (ounces)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  5  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Need to increase Protein Grams  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  72.8  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  90  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  58  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Need to stabilize Fat Grams  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  53  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  93  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  62  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Need to reduce Carb Grams  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  217  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  232  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  180  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Need to stabilize Fiber Grams  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  20-50  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  15  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  14  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Need to increase Water (ounces)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  64  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  48  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  32  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Need to increase Sodium mg  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1423  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1820  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  940  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Need to stabilize Iron as % of RDA  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  14  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  6  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Need to increase   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nutrient  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Recommended  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Day 1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Day 2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Findings Cholesterol mgs  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  184  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  331  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  75  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Need to stabilize Calcium as % of RDA  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1000-2000mg = 100%  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  28%  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  25%  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Need to increase   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The comparison of my two-day nutrition intake to recommendations demonstrates that I do not consistently consume a healthy diet. I do not follow the recommendations in the Food ... ...  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Turkey Roll up (2 slices Turkey breast in Lettuce leaves)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  54  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  10  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  604  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  17  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1 Cilantro Mayonaise (1tbsp)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  36  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  104  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0 Water  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Lunch  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Crab Cobb Salad  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  267  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  27  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  12  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  13  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1012  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  95  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4 Water  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Mid Afternoon Snack  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Celery stuffed with one wedge Laughing Cow Light Cheese  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  47.2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2.85  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2.6  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2.5  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  296  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0 Water  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Dinner  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Chicken en Papillote  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  144  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  27  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  86  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  65  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1 Roasted Eggplant and Peppers  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  193  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  16  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  14  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  5  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  5 Lemon Zest Ricotta Cream  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  178  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  14  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  7  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  10  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  6  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  155  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  38  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0 Red Wine (3.5 oz)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  75  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0 Water  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Daily Totals  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1280  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  105.4  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  64.1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  61  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  20  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2965  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  659  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  14

Macbeth: Reasons For The Development Of Insanity Essay

Insanity, as defined as an inability to act rationally, develops most commonly in individuals as a response to conditions with which the mind is unable to cope. Prolonged or intense, sudden psychological trauma always results in denial or repression in some form or another, both of which cause the individual to gradually lose their grip on reality. In the play Macbeth by William Shakespeare, as the chaos and guilt caused by their immoral actions increases, the prevalent characters deteriorate into insanity. Macbeth, Lady Macbeth, and Macduff slip into delusion and desperate acts as an outlet for their growing disgust with both themselves and the consequences of their actions. The play opens with a description of gruesome war, in the thick of which is Macbeth, alluding to the dangerous internal conflict going on within him- he is at once consumed by ambition, yet completely lacking in the self-confidence to support it. Macbeth†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s weak character, marked by his inability to make decisions that are not black and white in nature and his susceptibility to persuasion, is clearly displayed in his constant need for reassurance from outside influences and his expression of desire that his actions could have no consequence, ‘†Ã¢â‚¬ËœIf it were done when â€Å"‘†tis done, then â€Å"‘†twere well twere done quickly. If th†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ assassination Could trammel up the consequence and catch With his surcease, success, that but this blow Might be the be-all and the end-all – here.'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ (I.vii.1-5) Since this is obviously impossible, he attempts to break the murder of Duncan down into the most basic and acceptable cause and effect- his ambition. If there are no tangible affirmations for the immoral actions that Macbeth†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s ambition prompts he invents them, such as the bloody dagger he imagines leads him to kill Duncan. In any case, Macbeth attempts to evade the consequences of his morally ambiguous decisions by shifting their perceivable source to either his wife or the supernatural world, in his mind effectually making him only a pawn to the whims of fate. As Macbeth contemplates Duncan†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s virtues and other compelling moral reasons for aborting the crime, ‘†Ã¢â‚¬ËœHis virtues will plead like angels, trumpet-tongued against the deep damnation of his taking-off,'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ (I.vii.18-20) morality seems to be the most complicating factor in the decision to commit murder and thus, is also the biggest obstacle to his ambition. So, to simplify things, Macbeth allows his moral arguments to be rejected. However, once he sets his morals aside, he cannot regain them, ‘†Ã¢â‚¬ËœI am in blood stepped in so far that should I wade no more, returning were as tedious as go o†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ er. Strange things I have in head that will to hand, which must be acted ere they may be scanned.'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ (III.iv.136-140) At this point Macbeth admits that his actions are too horrific to ever be forgiven, therefore the only avenue of action left to him that he perceives is to continue along the path he is already following. He can no longer tolerate being a walking contradiction; feeling immense guilt for the murders he commits, but all the time plotting more to salve his paranoia of being found out. To remedy this, Macbeth resolves to suppress his conscience completely, turning him irrevocably evil from this point on, possibly with the aid of a hard whack to his forehead1. Macbeth†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s abrupt turn of mood, from paranoid depression to manic delusion, is directly related to the prophecies of the weà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½rd sisters that give him the false confidence he needs for affirmation of his actions and therefore solidifies his denial. Previously, as Macbeth begins to doubt that hiring murders to kill Banquo and Fleance will absolve him of the guilt, he subconsciously vents his horror at his action through the hallucination of Banquo†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s ghost, while at the same time trying desperately to convince himself otherwise, ‘†Ã¢â‚¬ËœThou canst not say I did it; never shake thy gory locks at me!'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ (III.iv.50-51) These fits of paranoia are products of Macbeth†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s feelings of guilt that only compound as Macbeth tries to suppress them, surfacing in hallucinations that threaten to expose him and a violent defence mechanism of murdering anyone that could be perceived as a threat. Macbeth seems to sense that it is only a matter of time before lying himself into an illusion of security fails. As everyone, including his wife, continually abandons him, Macbeth sinks into a mood of nihilism that follows his psychological pattern of denial and justification by allowing him to claim that if life is ultimately without consequence then his crimes are also meaningless, ‘†Ã¢â‚¬ËœLife†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s but a walking shadow, a poor player That struts and frets his hour upon the stage, And then is heard no more. It is a tale Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, Signifying nothing.'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ (IV.v.23-27) Against all rational logic, Macbeth concludes that he is innocent of any permanently damning acts, but also that life holds no further purpose for him. Like her husband, Lady Macbeth learns that there is such a thing as guilt by association. She is plagued by the knowledge that she herself did not kill Duncan, but is directly responsible for his death. Before the murder of Duncan, she has a misguided impression of aggression and violence as inherent male traits, and draws the conclusion that anyone truly masculine should be able to commit murder without repercussions on their conscience. Her compulsive need to wash herself clean of imaginary blood indicates that, unlike her husband who can respond to the nagging of his conscience by pushing it away completely, she cannot forgive herself, nor force herself to forget her culpability. Also, unlike Macbeth who nullifies his guilt, she magnifies her own to the point where it consumes her. Perhaps Lady Macbeth can sense the irony of her inability to cleanse herself of Duncan†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s imaginary, yet permanently staining blood, ‘†Ã¢â‚¬ËœYet who would have thought the old man to have so much blood on him?'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ (V.i.33-34) when earlier she scolds Macbeth for making the same claim, ‘†Ã¢â‚¬ËœA little water clears us of this deed. How easy is it then!'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ (II.ii.70-71) Indeed, Lady Macbeth†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s decline into insanity is marked most sharply by her contrast to both her earlier character and the character now being taken up by her husband, suggesting that if she listens to the his reservations, she can avoid the mental turmoil that she experiences later. However, Lady Macbeth expects that the amount of urging Macbeth requires to kill the first time is indicative of an inability to plot further murders. Instead she is constantly reminded of the atrocity she instigated by Macbeth†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s insistence to raise the body count as high as possible. Disillusionment more than anything else is what pushes her over the brink of insanity and into an agony of anxiety and despair; gaining the throne does not bring her happiness, nor does it justify Duncan†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s death. Accompanied only by Lady Macbeth, Macduff is the only other character that admits responsibility for their actions. Macduff†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s sanity is severely shaken by the sudden shock of learning that his entire family has been cruelly murdered at Macbeth†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s orders. He responds with passionate grief and regret for leaving them at Macbeth†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s mercy, while he himself flees beyond Macbeth†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s reach. When compared with the reactions of Ross and Malcolm, Macduff seems almost hysterical, but justifiably so. It is Ross and Malcolm that seem to have disproportionate emotion. Malcolm†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s claims that Macduff should avenge the murder of his family by challenging Macbeth are fraught with hypocrisy, since Malcolm himself flees when his own father is murdered instead of taking his own advice. His urgings to Macduff seem to come from selfish means, (he needs an army with which to defeat Macbeth) instead of any real concern for the grief that Macduff is feeling. Macduff expresses his exasperation at Malcolm†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s disregard and his feelings of culpability for provoking the tyrannical Macbeth†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s wraith, ‘†Ã¢â‚¬ËœBut I must also feel it as a man; I cannot but remember such things were That were most precious to me. Did heaven look on, And would not take their part? Sinful Macduff, They were all struck for thee.'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ (IV.iii.224-228) Eventually Macduff does agree to Malcolm†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s requests as it becomes increasingly apparent that he will not receive the sympathy he seeks from anyone. Indeed Macduff throws himself into the aim with obsessive vigour, having nothing left to live for. Macduff†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s frantic charge to meet in a fight to the death with his nemesis seems to mirror his Macbeth†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s own nihilistic mood- however, Macduff†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s willingness to die originates from despair rather than apathy. In the play Macbeth by William Shakespeare, the main characters stew in guilt upon realization of the aftermath of their actions, driving them to insanity. In that neither Macbeth, nor Lady Macbeth, nor Macduff can escape the mental anguish as consequence of their actions, Shakespeare effectively hits home the idea that one should thoroughly check their conscience before they act.